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Jám Nizámuddín II ((シンド語:ڄام نظام الدين عرف), (ウルドゥー語:جام نظام الدين ثاني); 1439–1509), also known as Jam Nizam al-Din or Jám Nindó (), was the Sultan of Sindh between 1461 and 1508 CE. He was the most famous ruler of the Samma dynasty, which ruled Sindh, parts of Punjab and Balochistan from 1351 to 1551 CE. His capital was Thatta in modern-day southern Pakistan. The Samma dynasty reached the height of its power during the reign of Nizamuddin, who is still recalled as a hero, and whose rule is considered the golden-age of Sindh. Nizamuddin's grave is located on Makli Hill and part of the world heritage site of Historical Monuments at Makli.〔(Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta ) UNESCO Retrieved 14 June 2014〕 The tomb is an impressive stone structure with fine ornamental carving similar to the 15th-century Gujrat style.〔 〕 It has been restored but unfortunately, it suffers from cracks and wall distortions caused by rough weathering and erosion of the slope on which it stands.〔''The Tomb of Jam Nizam al-Din, documentation and condition survey''. Heritage foundation, Karachi, Pakistan. 2011.〕 After his death, his son Jám Ferózudin lost the Sultanate in 1525 CE to an invading army of Shah Beg Arghun, who had been thrown out of Kandahar by Babur. ==History== Nizamuddín was elected to the throne of the Kingdom by joint councils of men of Thatta, as well as of the military on the 25th of Rabi' al-awwal, 866 (1461 CE), after the death of his father Jam Sanjar. Shortly, after his accession, he went with large force to Bukkur, where he spent about a year, fighting Baloch tribes. He strengthened the fort of Bukkur and left the place in charge of his house-born slave Dilshád, after returning to the capital. For a period of forty-eight years, he reigned Thatta with absolute power. He was considered a wise and a just ruler, under whom madrasahs and mosques flourished, while the people enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity. Travelers could pass throughout Sindh, without harm to their person or property. The people followed strict Muslim rules. Congregations assembled in the mosques: no one was willing to say his prayers alone. The rise of Thatta, as an important commercial and cultural center was directly related to his patronage and policies. The period contributed significantly to the evolution of a prevailing architectural style that can be classified as early Sindhi-Islamic. In the last part of Nizamuddín's reign, after 1490 CE, a Mughul army under Shah Beg Arghun came from Kandahar and attacked many villages of Chundooha and Sideejuh, invading the towns of Ágrí, Ohándukah, Sibi Sindichah and Kót Máchián. Nizamuddín sent a large army under his Vazier and adopted son Darya Khan,〔(The environments that led to the rise and fall of the Kalhoras )〕 which, arriving at the village known by the name of Duruh-i-Kureeb, also known as Joolow Geer or Halúkhar near Sibi, defeated the Mughuls in a pitched battle. According to other sources, this battle took place at Jalwakhir near Bibi Nani in the Bolan pass.〔Haig,Maj Gen M.R., ''The Indus Delta Country'' K.Paul, Trench, Trubner &Co. 1894.〕 Sháh Beg Arghun’s brother Abú Muhammad Mirzá was killed in battle, and the Mughuls fled back to Kandahár, never to return during the reign of Nizamuddin. Soon thereafter, Nizamuddin died after a long reign of 48 years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jam Nizamuddin II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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